L’écho-endoscopie bronchique est une technique sûre avec peu de complications : une large étude rétrospective incluant 7.345 patients rapporte un taux de complications de 1.23% (167) et une étude prospective incluant 1.317 patients rapporte un taux de complications de 1.44% (168): complications infectieuses (médiastinite, abcès pulmonaire/pneumopathie, péricardite, sepsis), pneumothorax/pneumomédiastin, défaillance respiratoire et cardiaque, fistules trachéo-médiastinales, sténose trachéale, rupture d’aiguille, perte du ballonnet en per-procédure et décès (0.01%) (115,169–176). Des cas de dissémination sur le trajet de ponction ont été décrits après réalisation de cryobiopsies et biopsies avec pinces (forceps) (177,178).
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